N = 393 · BLS OEWS May 2025

Rankings

Every U.S. metro, ranked by consensus exposure. The shaded range is the min–max across methodologies; a wide band means the methods disagree about that metro. Filter by state with the search box.

#	Metro	Pop.	Score	Grade
1	Boulder, CO	329k	57.3	A
2	San Jose, CA	1984k	56.8	A
3	Lexington Park, MD	211k	56.5	A
4	Trenton, NJ	399k	56.3	A
5	Durham, NC	625k	56.0	A
6	Washington, DC	6466k	55.5	A
7	Tallahassee, FL	397k	55.1	A
8	Olympia, WA	304k	55.0	A
9	Ithaca, NY	104k	54.9	B
10	Austin, TX	2621k	54.6	A
11	Ann Arbor, MI	370k	54.3	A
12	Boston, MA	5034k	54.1	A
13	Helena, MT	97k	53.9	A
14	San Francisco, CA	4630k	53.7	A
15	Seattle, WA	4162k	53.4	A
16	Denver, CO	3092k	53.3	A
17	Lansing, MI	480k	53.1	A
18	Huntsville, AL	556k	53.1	A
19	Springfield, IL	206k	53.0	A
20	Salt Lake City, UT	1308k	53.0	A
21	Raleigh, NC	1596k	53.0	A
22	Bloomington, IL	171k	52.9	B
23	Albany, NY	916k	52.9	A
24	Amherst Town, MA	164k	52.6	A
25	New York, NY	20112k	52.5	A
26	Madison, WI	710k	52.4	A
27	Manchester, NH	433k	52.3	A
28	Bridgeport, CT	978k	52.3	A
29	Des Moines, IA	759k	52.2	A
30	Baltimore, MD	2858k	52.2	A
31	Charlottesville, VA	229k	52.2	B
32	Atlanta, GA	6482k	52.0	A
33	Tampa, FL	3419k	51.9	A
34	Corvallis, OR	98k	51.7	B
35	Minneapolis, MN	3790k	51.7	A
36	Hartford, CT	1171k	51.7	A
37	Santa Fe, NM	157k	51.6	A
38	Colorado Springs, CO	782k	51.6	A
39	Palm Bay, FL	664k	51.6	A
40	Carson City, NV	59k	51.5	B
41	San Juan, PR	—	51.4	A
42	Dallas, TX	8477k	51.4	A
43	College Station, TX	287k	51.2	A
44	Burlington, VT	228k	51.1	A
45	Sierra Vista, AZ	126k	51.1	B
46	Richmond, VA	1389k	51.0	A
47	Lawrence, KS	121k	51.0	A
48	Columbia, MO	219k	51.0	A
49	Fort Collins, CO	377k	51.0	A
50	Miami, FL	6391k	50.9	A
51	Provo, UT	773k	50.9	A
52	Columbia, SC	880k	50.8	A
53	Charlotte, NC	2939k	50.8	A
54	Aguadilla, PR	—	50.8	A
55	Jefferson City, MO	153k	50.7	A
56	Philadelphia, PA	6329k	50.7	A
57	Sacramento, CA	2477k	50.7	A
58	San Antonio, TX	2813k	50.6	A
59	Midland, MI	84k	50.6	B
60	Dover, DE	195k	50.6	A
61	Crestview, FL	315k	50.6	A
62	Los Angeles, CA	12844k	50.6	A
63	Elizabethtown, KY	129k	50.5	A
64	Phoenix, AZ	5229k	50.5	A
65	Lincoln, NE	352k	50.5	A
66	Albuquerque, NM	925k	50.5	A
67	Jacksonville, FL	1786k	50.4	A
68	Eagle Pass, TX	59k	50.4	C
69	Abilene, TX	185k	50.4	A
70	Buffalo, NY	1156k	50.3	A
71	San Diego, CA	3282k	50.3	A
72	Topeka, KS	233k	50.3	A
73	Rochester, NY	1056k	50.3	A
74	Salisbury, MD	132k	50.2	A
75	Orlando, FL	2958k	50.2	A
76	Charleston, SC	889k	50.2	A
77	Morgantown, WV	142k	50.1	A
78	El Paso, TX	881k	50.1	A
79	Detroit, MI	4391k	50.1	A
80	Greenville, NC	183k	50.1	A
81	Nashville, TN	2197k	50.1	A
82	Portland, OR	2542k	50.1	A
83	Columbus, OH	2242k	50.0	A
84	New Haven, CT	579k	50.0	A
85	Pensacola, FL	545k	49.9	A
86	Guayama, PR	—	49.9	C
87	Kansas City, MO	2271k	49.9	A
88	Iowa City, IA	183k	49.9	A
89	Tucson, AZ	1075k	49.9	A
90	Syracuse, NY	652k	49.8	A
91	Johnson City, TN	216k	49.8	A
92	Warner Robins, GA	208k	49.8	A
93	Lexington, KY	535k	49.8	A
94	Worcester, MA	889k	49.8	A
95	Oklahoma City, OK	1513k	49.8	A
96	Chicago, IL	9434k	49.7	A
97	Pittsburgh, PA	2422k	49.7	A
98	Dubuque, IA	99k	49.7	A
99	Columbus, GA	325k	49.7	A
100	Gainesville, FL	359k	49.6	A
101	Dayton, OH	827k	49.6	A
102	Charleston, WV	200k	49.6	A
103	Manhattan, KS	136k	49.6	A
104	Saginaw, MI	188k	49.6	A
105	Ames, IA	128k	49.6	A
106	Lubbock, TX	368k	49.5	A
107	Little Rock, AR	778k	49.5	A
108	Cincinnati, OH	2313k	49.4	A
109	Cleveland, OH	2166k	49.4	A
110	Missoula, MT	129k	49.4	A
111	St. Louis, MO	2814k	49.4	A
112	Montgomery, AL	389k	49.3	A
113	San Angelo, TX	122k	49.3	A
114	Omaha, NE	1010k	49.3	A
115	McAllen, TX	922k	49.3	A
116	Birmingham, AL	1198k	49.3	A
117	Harrisburg, PA	617k	49.3	A
118	Rochester, MN	231k	49.3	A
119	Champaign, IL	240k	49.2	A
120	Ogden, UT	673k	49.2	A
121	Houston, TX	7905k	49.2	A
122	Hinesville, GA	92k	49.2	B
123	Santa Cruz, CA	259k	49.2	A
124	Arecibo, PR	—	49.2	A
125	Ponce, PR	—	49.2	A
126	Cedar Rapids, IA	279k	49.1	A
127	Milwaukee, WI	1575k	49.1	A
128	Brownsville, TX	434k	49.1	A
129	Utica, NY	286k	49.0	A
130	Greenville, SC	1014k	49.0	A
131	Fayetteville, AR	622k	49.0	A
132	Pittsfield, MA	128k	49.0	A
133	State College, PA	157k	48.9	B
134	Peoria, IL	364k	48.9	A
135	Providence, RI	1708k	48.9	A
136	Bloomington, IN	165k	48.9	A
137	Laredo, TX	281k	48.9	A
138	Slidell, LA	279k	48.9	A
139	Boise City, ID	864k	48.9	A
140	Athens, GA	224k	48.8	A
141	Cheyenne, WY	103k	48.8	A
142	Jackson, MI	160k	48.8	A
143	Knoxville, TN	968k	48.8	A
144	Virginia Beach, VA	1797k	48.8	A
145	Lawton, OK	128k	48.7	A
146	Binghamton, NY	243k	48.7	A
147	Akron, OH	702k	48.7	A
148	Urban Honolulu, HI	989k	48.6	A
149	Salem, OR	446k	48.6	A
150	Las Cruces, NM	229k	48.6	A
151	Waterbury, CT	463k	48.6	A
152	Bismarck, ND	140k	48.6	A
153	Panama City, FL	231k	48.6	A
154	Augusta, GA	641k	48.5	A
155	Albany, GA	146k	48.5	B
156	Anchorage, AK	406k	48.5	A
157	Springfield, MA	464k	48.5	A
158	Fayetteville, NC	395k	48.4	A
159	Oxnard, CA	831k	48.4	A
160	Logan, UT	161k	48.4	A
161	Jacksonville, NC	217k	48.4	A
162	Killeen, TX	511k	48.4	A
163	Wilmington, NC	493k	48.4	A
164	Fairbanks, AK	94k	48.4	B
165	Norwich, CT	284k	48.3	A
166	Roanoke, VA	317k	48.3	A
167	Portland, ME	578k	48.3	A
168	Waco, TX	309k	48.3	A
169	New Orleans, LA	971k	48.3	A
170	Sumter, SC	105k	48.2	B
171	Macon, GA	239k	48.2	A
172	Asheville, NC	422k	48.2	A
173	Kalamazoo, MI	264k	48.1	A
174	Fargo, ND	270k	48.1	A
175	Amarillo, TX	276k	48.1	A
176	Sebring, FL	111k	48.1	B
177	Spokane, WA	608k	48.1	A
178	Bozeman, MT	129k	48.1	A
179	Chattanooga, TN	595k	48.0	A
180	South Bend, IN	325k	48.0	A
181	Deltona, FL	747k	48.0	A
182	Hilton Head Island, SC	243k	48.0	A
183	Tulsa, OK	1069k	47.9	A
184	Idaho Falls, ID	174k	47.9	A
185	Winchester, VA	152k	47.9	A
186	Kiryas Joel, NY	718k	47.9	A
187	Davenport, IA	380k	47.9	A
188	Springfield, MO	501k	47.9	A
189	Mankato, MN	105k	47.9	A
190	Glens Falls, NY	124k	47.9	A
191	Parkersburg, WV	87k	47.9	B
192	Indianapolis, IN	2206k	47.9	A
193	Bremerton, WA	283k	47.8	A
194	Pocatello, ID	92k	47.8	B
195	Eugene, OR	382k	47.8	A
196	Mayaguez, PR	—	47.8	A
197	Kingston, NY	183k	47.8	A
198	Walla Walla, WA	62k	47.8	B
199	Pinehurst, NC	111k	47.8	A
200	Oshkosh, WI	174k	47.8	A
201	Auburn, AL	208k	47.8	A
202	Jackson, MS	610k	47.7	A
203	Johnstown, PA	129k	47.7	A
204	Flagstaff, AZ	144k	47.7	A
205	Chico, CA	209k	47.7	A
206	Bend, OR	266k	47.7	A
207	Cape Girardeau, MO	99k	47.6	A
208	Victoria, TX	100k	47.6	A
209	Grand Junction, CO	163k	47.6	A
210	Traverse City, MI	157k	47.6	A
211	Sioux Falls, SD	315k	47.6	A
212	Muncie, IN	113k	47.6	B
213	Elmira, NY	80k	47.6	B
214	North Port, FL	948k	47.6	A
215	Battle Creek, MI	133k	47.6	A
216	Bangor, ME	158k	47.6	A
217	Hattiesburg, MS	158k	47.5	A
218	Bellingham, WA	236k	47.5	A
219	Wichita, KS	664k	47.5	A
220	Great Falls, MT	85k	47.5	A
221	Brunswick, GA	119k	47.4	A
222	Huntington, WV	366k	47.4	A
223	Billings, MT	194k	47.4	A
224	Savannah, GA	438k	47.4	A
225	Blacksburg, VA	182k	47.4	B
226	Redding, CA	182k	47.4	A
227	Tyler, TX	253k	47.3	A
228	Hagerstown, MD	315k	47.3	A
229	Watertown, NY	112k	47.3	A
230	Clarksville, TN	349k	47.3	A
231	Duluth, MN	281k	47.2	A
232	Lafayette, IN	228k	47.2	A
233	Winston, NC	712k	47.2	A
234	Flint, MI	401k	47.2	A
235	Barnstable Town, MA	234k	47.2	A
236	La Crosse, WI	171k	47.2	A
237	Lynchburg, VA	269k	47.2	A
238	Eau Claire, WI	177k	47.1	A
239	Punta Gorda, FL	217k	47.1	A
240	Greensboro, NC	806k	47.1	A
241	Cape Coral, FL	876k	47.1	A
242	Louisville/Jefferson County, KY	1403k	47.0	A
243	Mobile, AL	412k	47.0	A
244	Ocala, FL	443k	47.0	A
245	Wichita Falls, TX	149k	47.0	A
246	Baton Rouge, LA	889k	46.9	A
247	Medford, OR	222k	46.9	A
248	Niles, MI	152k	46.9	A
249	Myrtle Beach, SC	428k	46.9	A
250	Erie, PA	266k	46.8	A
251	Sebastian, FL	173k	46.8	A
252	Lake Havasu City, AZ	228k	46.8	A
253	Kingsport, TN	315k	46.8	A
254	Rome, GA	101k	46.8	B
255	Rapid City, SD	157k	46.8	A
256	Florence, SC	201k	46.8	A
257	St. Cloud, MN	206k	46.8	A
258	Valdosta, GA	153k	46.8	A
259	Columbus, IN	86k	46.7	B
260	Santa Maria, CA	442k	46.7	A
261	Green Bay, WI	337k	46.7	A
262	Daphne, AL	268k	46.7	A
263	Pueblo, CO	169k	46.6	A
264	Lewiston, ID	65k	46.6	B
265	Shreveport, LA	383k	46.5	A
266	Monroe, LA	222k	46.5	A
267	Coeur d'Alene, ID	192k	46.5	A
268	Santa Rosa, CA	486k	46.5	A
269	Grand Forks, ND	105k	46.5	A
270	Prescott Valley, AZ	253k	46.5	A
271	Texarkana, TX	147k	46.5	A
272	Lakeland, FL	875k	46.5	A
273	Corpus Christi, TX	451k	46.4	A
274	Hot Springs, AR	100k	46.4	A
275	Bay City, MI	102k	46.4	B
276	Memphis, TN	1341k	46.4	A
277	Rocky Mount, NC	148k	46.4	A
278	Altoona, PA	120k	46.4	A
279	San Luis Obispo, CA	282k	46.3	A
280	Lafayette, LA	424k	46.3	A
281	Lewiston, ME	116k	46.3	A
282	Sherman, TX	154k	46.3	A
283	Goldsboro, NC	122k	46.3	A
284	Atlantic City, NJ	372k	46.2	A
285	Waterloo, IA	169k	46.2	A
286	Port St. Lucie, FL	569k	46.2	A
287	Fort Wayne, IN	466k	46.2	A
288	Appleton, WI	250k	46.2	A
289	Williamsport, PA	113k	46.2	A
290	Grand Rapids, MI	1184k	46.2	A
291	Canton, OH	400k	46.1	A
292	Longview, TX	297k	46.1	A
293	Kokomo, IN	84k	46.1	B
294	Naples, FL	417k	46.1	A
295	Cleveland, TN	134k	46.1	A
296	Reno, NV	579k	46.1	A
297	Yuba City, CA	187k	46.1	A
298	Evansville, IN	274k	46.1	A
299	Alexandria, LA	148k	46.1	A
300	Tuscaloosa, AL	282k	46.0	A
301	Las Vegas, NV	2407k	46.0	A
302	Homosassa Springs, FL	172k	46.0	B
303	Gulfport, MS	431k	46.0	A
304	Toledo, OH	599k	46.0	A
305	Fond du Lac, WI	105k	46.0	A
306	Allentown, PA	888k	46.0	A
307	Paducah, KY	102k	46.0	A
308	Florence, AL	157k	45.9	A
309	Harrisonburg, VA	140k	45.9	A
310	Mansfield, OH	125k	45.9	A
311	Minot, ND	76k	45.9	B
312	Racine, WI	199k	45.9	A
313	Wildwood, FL	158k	45.9	A
314	Reading, PA	440k	45.9	A
315	Beaumont, TX	399k	45.9	A
316	Enid, OK	62k	45.7	B
317	Hammond, LA	141k	45.7	A
318	Beckley, WV	110k	45.7	A
319	Burlington, NC	186k	45.7	A
320	Dothan, AL	156k	45.7	A
321	Bowling Green, KY	197k	45.7	A
322	Wheeling, WV	134k	45.6	A
323	Vallejo, CA	455k	45.6	A
324	St. George, UT	214k	45.6	A
325	Owensboro, KY	114k	45.5	A
326	Greeley, CO	378k	45.5	A
327	Muskegon, MI	178k	45.5	A
328	Jonesboro, AR	139k	45.5	A
329	Janesville, WI	166k	45.5	A
330	Monroe, MI	156k	45.5	A
331	Yuma, AZ	224k	45.5	A
332	Kennewick, WA	324k	45.4	A
333	Fort Smith, AR	234k	45.4	A
334	Spartanburg, SC	408k	45.4	A
335	Lima, OH	101k	45.4	A
336	Lancaster, PA	563k	45.4	A
337	Springfield, OH	135k	45.4	A
338	Wausau, WI	139k	45.3	A
339	Casper, WY	81k	45.3	B
340	Mount Vernon, WA	133k	45.3	A
341	Scranton, PA	574k	45.3	A
342	Youngstown, OH	424k	45.2	A
343	Gadsden, AL	104k	45.2	B
344	Grand Island, NE	78k	45.1	B
345	Jackson, TN	185k	45.0	A
346	Terre Haute, IN	169k	45.0	A
347	Lake Charles, LA	245k	45.0	A
348	Staunton, VA	130k	44.9	B
349	Rockford, IL	337k	44.9	A
350	Weirton, WV	112k	44.9	B
351	Kankakee, IL	106k	44.8	A
352	Kahului, HI	161k	44.8	A
353	El Centro, CA	181k	44.8	A
354	Grants Pass, OR	88k	44.8	B
355	Sandusky, OH	113k	44.8	A
356	Anniston, AL	116k	44.7	A
357	Decatur, IL	99k	44.6	B
358	York, PA	473k	44.6	A
359	Fresno, CA	1203k	44.5	A
360	Joplin, MO	209k	44.4	A
361	Midland, TX	193k	44.2	A
362	Decatur, AL	160k	44.2	A
363	Gainesville, GA	227k	44.1	A
364	Farmington, NM	120k	44.0	A
365	Modesto, CA	558k	43.9	A
366	Sheboygan, WI	118k	43.9	A
367	St. Joseph, MO	119k	43.9	A
368	Longview, WA	115k	43.8	A
369	Kenosha, WI	168k	43.8	A
370	Michigan City, IN	111k	43.7	A
371	Twin Falls, ID	124k	43.7	A
372	Gettysburg, PA	108k	43.7	B
373	Hickory, NC	377k	43.7	A
374	Dalton, GA	148k	43.6	A
375	Chambersburg, PA	161k	43.6	A
376	Riverside, CA	4769k	43.6	A
377	Houma, LA	200k	43.5	A
378	Morristown, TN	129k	43.5	A
379	Sioux City, IA	146k	43.4	A
380	Lebanon, PA	146k	43.4	A
381	Odessa, TX	174k	43.3	A
382	Wenatchee, WA	128k	43.1	A
383	Napa, CA	133k	43.1	A
384	Vineland, NJ	157k	43.0	A
385	Elkhart, IN	209k	42.9	A
386	Stockton, CA	824k	42.9	A
387	Merced, CA	297k	42.7	A
388	Albany, OR	133k	42.6	A
389	Bakersfield, CA	927k	42.4	A
390	Yakima, WA	259k	42.3	A
391	Hanford, CA	154k	41.5	B
392	Visalia, CA	485k	40.1	A
393	Salinas, CA	434k	39.8	A

Table 1. Exposure = employment-weighted percentile over US national employment. Grades reflect the share of local employment matched to scored occupations (A ≥85%, B ≥70%, C below). Methods.

The other side: growth outlook

Same metros, opposite question: what does the BLS's own 2024–34 projection imply for each metro's job mix? Note who tops both tables — exposure and growth are not opposites.

BEST-POSITIONED MIX

1	San Jose, CA	+5.3%
2	Grants Pass, OR	+5.2%
3	Midland, MI	+4.6%
4	San Francisco, CA	+4.5%
5	McAllen, TX	+4.4%
6	Brownsville, TX	+4.2%
7	Boulder, CO	+4.1%
8	Seattle, WA	+4.1%
9	Rochester, MN	+4.1%
10	Boston, MA	+4%

WEAKEST MIX

1	Dalton, GA	+0.6%
2	Mayaguez, PR	+0.8%
3	Arecibo, PR	+0.9%
4	Guayama, PR	+1%
5	Eagle Pass, TX	+1.2%
6	Elkhart, IN	+1.3%
7	Aguadilla, PR	+1.5%
8	Hickory, NC	+1.7%
9	Anniston, AL	+1.7%
10	Ponce, PR	+1.7%

Table 1b. Shift-share of BLS Employment Projections 2024–34 national growth rates over local occupation mixes. A mix outlook, not a local forecast.

Canada

Census 2021 occupation mix (NOC, 5-digit) scored through the Dais NOC↔O*NET crosswalk. Single-index tier (OpenAI task exposure) — no methodology band yet.

#	CMA	Employment	Score	Grade
1	Ottawa - Gatineau, ON/QC	723k	59.3	A
2	Toronto, ON	2903k	57.0	A
3	Québec, QC	424k	54.4	A
4	Halifax, NS	227k	54.1	A
5	Fredericton, NB	54k	53.8	A
6	Vancouver, BC	1342k	53.8	A
7	Montréal, QC	2117k	53.8	A
8	Calgary, AB	724k	53.3	A
9	Victoria, BC	200k	52.9	A
10	St. John's, NL	101k	52.7	A
11	Kitchener - Cambridge - Waterloo, ON	278k	51.8	A
12	Moncton, NB	78k	51.7	A
13	Hamilton, ON	358k	51.6	A
14	Oshawa, ON	187k	51.6	A
15	Regina, SK	121k	51.4	A
16	Kingston, ON	76k	51.0	A
17	Guelph, ON	82k	50.8	A
18	Winnipeg, MB	410k	50.4	A
19	Saint John, NB	60k	50.2	A
20	London, ON	243k	49.9	A
21	Edmonton, AB	680k	49.7	A
22	Greater Sudbury, ON	77k	48.8	A
23	Kelowna, BC	110k	48.8	A
24	Saskatoon, SK	158k	48.7	A
25	Sherbrooke, QC	109k	48.7	A
26	Peterborough, ON	54k	48.1	A
27	Barrie, ON	102k	48.1	A
28	Nanaimo, BC	53k	47.8	A
29	Thunder Bay, ON	54k	47.8	A
30	St. Catharines - Niagara, ON	176k	47.5	A
31	Trois-Rivières, QC	74k	47.1	A
32	Saguenay, QC	75k	46.5	A
33	Windsor, ON	172k	46.4	A
34	Kamloops, BC	54k	46.3	A
35	Brantford, ON	65k	45.5	A
36	Lethbridge, AB	58k	45.0	A
37	Red Deer, AB	47k	44.9	A
38	Chilliwack, BC	51k	44.5	A
39	Belleville - Quinte West, ON	47k	44.3	A
40	Abbotsford - Mission, BC	95k	44.0	A
41	Drummondville, QC	49k	43.8	A

Table 2. Canadian CMAs, ranked within Canada. Scores share the US percentile scale via the occupation crosswalk; cross-border comparison is approximate (limitations).

United Kingdom (England & Wales)

Census 2021, SOC2020 3-digit occupations scored on the ILO index via an empirical SOC↔ISCO crosswalk. London and the metropolitan counties are aggregated to city level; Scotland and Northern Ireland publish separately and aren't included yet.

#	Area	Employment	Score
1	Wokingham	89k	36.2
2	Elmbridge	67k	36.2
3	St Albans	73k	36.1
4	Windsor and Maidenhead	76k	35.4
5	Waverley	61k	34.6
6	Reigate and Banstead	75k	34.6
7	Epping Forest	66k	34.5
8	East Hertfordshire	77k	34.5
9	Warwick	73k	34.5
10	Cambridge	71k	34.4
11	London	4360k	34.3
12	Bracknell Forest	66k	34.3
13	Guildford	70k	34.3
14	South Cambridgeshire	82k	34.2
15	North Hertfordshire	67k	34.2
16	Buckinghamshire	273k	34.2
17	Mid Sussex	77k	34.2
18	Chelmsford	90k	34.1
19	West Berkshire	82k	34.0
20	Basingstoke and Deane	97k	34.0
21	Brighton and Hove	139k	33.9
22	Horsham	72k	33.9
23	Dacorum	77k	33.8
24	Winchester	61k	33.8
25	South Oxfordshire	76k	33.7
26	Vale of White Horse	71k	33.7
27	Tonbridge and Malling	64k	33.7
28	Cardiff	160k	33.6
29	Milton Keynes	143k	33.5
30	Reading	89k	33.5
31	Eastleigh	70k	33.5
32	Stratford-on-Avon	66k	33.4
33	South Gloucestershire	148k	33.3
34	Test Valley	66k	33.3
35	Bristol	239k	33.2
36	East Hampshire	62k	33.2
37	Southend-on-Sea	83k	33.1
38	Huntingdonshire	91k	33.1
39	Bath and North East Somerset	90k	33.0
40	Cheshire East	192k	33.0
41	Central Bedfordshire	151k	33.0
42	Harrogate	80k	32.9
43	Warrington	103k	32.8
44	Basildon	89k	32.8
45	York	96k	32.7
46	Oxford	73k	32.7
47	North Somerset	103k	32.6
48	Wealden	75k	32.5
49	Charnwood	85k	32.4
50	Cheshire West and Chester	169k	32.4
51	Bournemouth	186k	32.3
52	Broadland	63k	32.3
53	Manchester	1280k	32.3
54	Maidstone	86k	32.3
55	Cherwell	85k	32.3
56	Swindon	118k	32.3
57	Newcastle	490k	32.2
58	Wiltshire	252k	32.2
59	Slough	74k	32.2
60	Colchester	92k	32.2
61	Wychavon	64k	32.0
62	Stafford	66k	32.0
63	Braintree	76k	32.0
64	Bedford	91k	32.0
65	Leeds	1043k	31.9
66	Newport	73k	31.9
67	South Norfolk	68k	31.9
68	New Forest	79k	31.9
69	Swansea	101k	31.8
70	Ashford	64k	31.7
71	South Kesteven	68k	31.7
72	Canterbury	66k	31.7
73	Liverpool	622k	31.6
74	Gloucester	66k	31.6
75	West Northamptonshire	216k	31.6
76	Thurrock	86k	31.5
77	Medway	133k	31.5
78	Norwich	66k	31.4
79	Preston	67k	31.3
80	East Devon	67k	31.2
81	Birmingham	1206k	31.2
82	Stockton-on-Tees	86k	31.2
83	Dorset	168k	31.1
84	Northumberland	141k	31.1
85	Teignbridge	62k	31.1
86	Amber Valley	60k	31.1
87	Portsmouth	98k	31.1
88	Ipswich	67k	31.1
89	East Suffolk	106k	31.0
90	Telford and Wrekin	85k	30.9
91	East Riding of Yorkshire	156k	30.9
92	Caerphilly	77k	30.9
93	Bridgend	64k	30.9
94	Southampton	118k	30.9
95	Nuneaton and Bedworth	63k	30.9
96	Blackburn with Darwen	64k	30.8
97	Arun	73k	30.8
98	Swale	69k	30.8
99	Flintshire	74k	30.7
100	Peterborough	101k	30.7
101	Shropshire	152k	30.7
102	Sheffield	609k	30.7
103	County Durham	222k	30.7
104	Derby	116k	30.6
105	Nottingham	129k	30.6
106	West Suffolk	90k	30.6
107	North Northamptonshire	179k	30.6
108	Somerset West and Taunton	73k	30.5
109	Plymouth	121k	30.4
110	Lancaster	62k	30.4
111	Rhondda Cynon Taff	103k	30.3
112	South Somerset	81k	30.3
113	Herefordshire	89k	30.1
114	Luton	99k	30.0
115	Cornwall	254k	29.8
116	Carmarthenshire	82k	29.7
117	Wrexham	62k	29.7
118	Breckland	66k	29.6
119	Leicester	155k	29.5
120	King's Lynn and West Norfolk	69k	29.4
121	North Lincolnshire	76k	29.3
122	Powys	62k	29.1
123	Stoke-on-Trent	113k	29.0
124	North East Lincolnshire	69k	28.8
125	Kingston upon Hull	118k	28.6

Table 3. ILO-index scale (same family as the EU table below; not comparable with US/Canada percentiles).

European Union

NUTS2 regions, not cities — the finest public EU occupation data is 9 broad ISCO groups per region. Scores are the ILO GenAI index (its own scale; rank within Europe is the meaningful number, not comparison against US/Canada scores).

#	Region	Employment	Score
1	Bratislavský kraj, SK	276k	34.0
2	Praha, CZ	648k	33.2
3	Grad Zagreb, HR	353k	33.2
4	Hamburg, DE	975k	33.2
5	Berlin, DE	1802k	32.8
6	Hovedstaden, DK	813k	32.7
7	Utrecht, NL	680k	32.6
8	Darmstadt, DE	1968k	32.5
9	Ile-de-France, FR	5521k	32.4
10	Warszawski stołeczny, PL	1642k	32.4
11	Oberbayern, DE	2587k	32.3
12	Stockholm, SE	1123k	32.2
13	Noord-Holland, NL	1393k	32.2
14	Budapest, HU	893k	32.1
15	Prov. Brabant Wallon, BE	176k	32.1
16	Köln, DE	2195k	31.9
17	Prov. Vlaams-Brabant, BE	531k	31.7
18	Zuid-Holland, NL	1745k	31.7
19	Leipzig, DE	528k	31.6
20	Eastern and Midland, IE	1059k	31.6
21	Mittelfranken, DE	950k	31.5
22	Luxembourg, LU	285k	31.4
23	Düsseldorf, DE	2454k	31.4
24	Karlsruhe, DE	1436k	31.4
25	Stuttgart, DE	2122k	31.3
26	Flevoland, NL	209k	31.2
27	Helsinki-Uusimaa, FI	738k	31.2
28	Hannover, DE	1029k	31.2
29	Noord-Brabant, NL	1265k	31.1
30	Groningen, NL	265k	31.1
31	Rheinhessen-Pfalz, DE	1011k	31.0
32	Schleswig-Holstein, DE	1489k	30.9
33	Bremen, DE	325k	30.9
34	Comunidad de Madrid, ES	2787k	30.8
35	Gießen, DE	511k	30.8
36	Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/ Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, BE	463k	30.8
37	Braunschweig, DE	771k	30.8
38	Dresden, DE	759k	30.8
39	Gelderland, NL	1010k	30.8
40	Attiki, EL	1573k	30.8
41	Yugozapaden, BG	926k	30.8
42	Oberfranken, DE	556k	30.7
43	Brandenburg, DE	1218k	30.7
44	Limburg (NL), NL	506k	30.6
45	Wien, AT	903k	30.6
46	Unterfranken, DE	691k	30.6
47	Tübingen, DE	983k	30.6
48	Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, PT	1246k	30.6
49	Malta, MT	272k	30.5
50	Münster, DE	1321k	30.5
51	Schwaben, DE	1029k	30.5
52	Saarland, DE	474k	30.5
53	Arnsberg, DE	1705k	30.5
54	Bucureşti-Ilfov, RO	1164k	30.5
55	Sostinės regionas, LT	391k	30.5
56	Freiburg, DE	1178k	30.5
57	Sydsverige, SE	656k	30.5
58	Overijssel, NL	562k	30.5
59	Västsverige, SE	955k	30.5
60	Kassel, DE	585k	30.5
61	Koblenz, DE	752k	30.4
62	Lüneburg, DE	854k	30.4
63	Prov. Namur, BE	206k	30.3
64	Detmold, DE	1019k	30.3
65	Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, FR	1962k	30.3
66	Oberpfalz, DE	602k	30.3
67	Rhône-Alpes, FR	2870k	30.2
68	Střední Čechy, CZ	644k	30.2
69	Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, DE	726k	30.2
70	Östra Mellansverige, SE	773k	30.2
71	Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen, BE	710k	30.1
72	Midtjylland, DK	566k	30.1
73	Midi-Pyrénées, FR	1279k	30.0
74	Zeeland, NL	178k	30.0
75	Lazio, IT	2242k	30.0
76	Trier, DE	269k	29.9
77	Thüringen, DE	1001k	29.9
78	Zahodna Slovenija, SI	431k	29.9
79	Drenthe, NL	227k	29.9
80	Prov. Antwerpen, BE	835k	29.8
81	Východné Slovensko, SK	490k	29.8
82	Sjælland, DK	337k	29.8
83	Sachsen-Anhalt, DE	984k	29.8
84	Friesland (NL), NL	302k	29.8
85	Prov. Liège, BE	442k	29.7
86	Languedoc-Roussillon, FR	1048k	29.7
87	Niederbayern, DE	667k	29.7
88	Alsace, FR	819k	29.7
89	Southern, IE	680k	29.6
90	Weser-Ems, DE	1297k	29.6
91	Stredné Slovensko, SK	451k	29.6
92	Chemnitz, DE	653k	29.6
93	Západné Slovensko, SK	665k	29.5
94	Syddanmark, DK	493k	29.5
95	Mellersta Norrland, SE	168k	29.5
96	Prov. Hainaut, BE	509k	29.5
97	Aquitaine, FR	1422k	29.5
98	Prov. Luxembourg (BE), BE	125k	29.5
99	Nord-Pas de Calais, FR	1538k	29.4
100	Burgenland, AT	140k	29.4
101	Pest, HU	670k	29.4
102	Niederösterreich, AT	838k	29.4
103	Cataluña, ES	3088k	29.4
104	Prov. Limburg (BE), BE	393k	29.3
105	Northern and Western, IE	358k	29.3
106	Jadranska Hrvatska, HR	539k	29.3
107	Corse, FR	137k	29.2
108	Lorraine, FR	923k	29.2
109	Centre — Val de Loire, FR	1023k	29.2
110	Övre Norrland, SE	241k	29.2
111	Jihovýchod, CZ	764k	29.2
112	Nordjylland, DK	237k	29.2
113	Småland med öarna, SE	393k	29.2
114	Kýpros, CY	394k	29.1
115	Pays de la Loire, FR	1604k	29.1
116	Eesti, EE	639k	29.1
117	Haute-Normandie, FR	731k	29.1
118	Lombardia, IT	4437k	29.1
119	Dolnośląskie, PL	1282k	29.1
120	Bretagne, FR	1354k	29.1
121	Åland, FI	13k	29.0
122	Liguria, IT	605k	29.0
123	Norra Mellansverige, SE	371k	28.9
124	Ciudad de Ceuta, ES	24k	28.9
125	Salzburg, AT	288k	28.9
126	Illes Balears, ES	428k	28.9
127	Śląskie, PL	1884k	28.9
128	Picardie, FR	751k	28.9
129	País Vasco, ES	877k	28.8
130	Prov. West-Vlaanderen, BE	542k	28.8
131	Moravskoslezsko, CZ	493k	28.7
132	Tirol, AT	390k	28.7
133	Pomorskie, PL	1021k	28.7
134	Ciudad de Melilla, ES	26k	28.7
135	Auvergne, FR	542k	28.7
136	Poitou-Charentes, FR	709k	28.7
137	Vorarlberg, AT	203k	28.7
138	Limousin, FR	278k	28.6
139	Bourgogne, FR	637k	28.6
140	Severovýchod, CZ	650k	28.5
141	Champagne-Ardenne, FR	507k	28.5
142	Länsi-Suomi, FI	539k	28.4
143	Friuli-Venezia Giulia, IT	505k	28.4
144	Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste, IT	53k	28.4
145	Franche-Comté, FR	478k	28.4
146	Sicilia, IT	1466k	28.4
147	Basse-Normandie, FR	583k	28.4
148	Jihozápad, CZ	538k	28.4
149	Etelä-Suomi, FI	439k	28.4
150	Severoiztochen, BG	322k	28.3
151	Małopolskie, PL	1544k	28.3
152	Zachodniopomorskie, PL	676k	28.3
153	Emilia-Romagna, IT	1972k	28.3
154	Střední Morava, CZ	518k	28.3
155	Latvija, LV	870k	28.3
156	Provincia Autonoma di Trento, IT	245k	28.3
157	Principado de Asturias, ES	360k	28.2
158	Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi, FI	477k	28.2
159	Łódzkie, PL	1088k	28.2
160	Oberösterreich, AT	768k	28.2
161	Steiermark, AT	618k	28.2
162	Piemonte, IT	1803k	28.2
163	Kärnten, AT	265k	28.1
164	Toscana, IT	1554k	28.1
165	Severozápad, CZ	440k	28.1
166	Comunitat Valenciana, ES	1871k	28.0
167	Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen, IT	261k	27.9
168	Veneto, IT	2143k	27.9
169	Cantabria, ES	221k	27.9
170	Algarve, PT	188k	27.8
171	Lubuskie, PL	414k	27.8
172	Calabria, IT	584k	27.8
173	Abruzzo, IT	489k	27.8
174	Galicia, ES	994k	27.8
175	Molise, IT	105k	27.8
176	Campania, IT	1807k	27.8
177	Wielkopolskie, PL	1656k	27.7
178	Umbria, IT	352k	27.7
179	Kentriki Makedonia, EL	652k	27.7
180	Comunidad Foral de Navarra, ES	267k	27.7
181	Aragón, ES	531k	27.6
182	Castilla y León, ES	902k	27.6
183	Sjeverna Hrvatska, HR	341k	27.5
184	Kujawsko-pomorskie, PL	844k	27.5
185	Marche, IT	628k	27.5
186	Puglia, IT	1300k	27.4
187	Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas, LT	862k	27.4
188	Közép-Dunántúl, HU	528k	27.4
189	Yugoiztochen, BG	353k	27.4
190	Sardegna, IT	570k	27.4
191	Basilicata, IT	194k	27.3
192	Vzhodna Slovenija, SI	454k	27.3
193	Opolskie, PL	391k	27.3
194	Severozapaden, BG	234k	27.3
195	Warmińsko-mazurskie, PL	537k	27.3
196	Podkarpackie, PL	821k	27.3
197	Norte, PT	1543k	27.2
198	Notio Aigaio, EL	137k	27.2
199	Panonska Hrvatska, HR	377k	27.2
200	Andalucía, ES	2920k	27.2
201	Severen tsentralen, BG	262k	27.2
202	Yuzhen tsentralen, BG	494k	27.1
203	Centro (PT), PT	932k	27.1
204	Nyugat-Dunántúl, HU	494k	27.1
205	Extremadura, ES	373k	27.1
206	Ionia Nisia, EL	79k	27.1
207	Dél-Dunántúl, HU	390k	27.0
208	La Rioja, ES	129k	27.0
209	Podlaskie, PL	473k	26.9
210	Dél-Alföld, HU	569k	26.9
211	Lubelskie, PL	838k	26.8
212	Ipeiros, EL	110k	26.8
213	Kriti, EL	257k	26.7
214	Świętokrzyskie, PL	486k	26.7
215	Mazowiecki regionalny, PL	998k	26.7
216	Észak-Magyarország, HU	489k	26.7
217	Castilla-La Mancha, ES	782k	26.6
218	Voreio Aigaio, EL	67k	26.6
219	Región de Murcia, ES	564k	26.6
220	Észak-Alföld, HU	637k	26.5
221	Alentejo, PT	290k	26.5
222	Thessalia, EL	239k	26.3
223	Dytiki Elláda, EL	218k	26.1
224	Dytiki Makedonia, EL	84k	26.0
225	Sterea Elláda, EL	178k	25.7
226	Anatoliki Makedonia, EL	191k	25.5
227	Vest, RO	702k	25.5
228	Nord-Vest, RO	1061k	25.3
229	Centru, RO	936k	25.2
230	Peloponnisos, EL	200k	25.2
231	Sud-Vest Oltenia, RO	676k	24.6
232	Sud-Est, RO	890k	24.5
233	Sud-Muntenia, RO	1135k	24.1
234	Nord-Est, RO	1125k	22.9

Table 4. EU27 NUTS2 regions, Census 2021 × ILO WP140 scores. Coarse tier (limitations).